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  IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Paklenica National Park:

A UNESCO World Heritage Site Perfected by Diversity

February 24, 2025

Most people planning a Croatian escape immediately picture the sun-warmed islands off the Dalmatian coast or the shimmering waters of the Adriatic Sea. Fair enough, as that seaside appeal is undeniable. But if you venture inland, an entirely different Croatia emerges. Here lies Paklenica National Park, a land of extremes, where sheer rock faces rise from deep canyons, underground rivers carve hidden worlds, and rare wildlife roams freely. This is more than just a place of natural beauty: it is an adventurer’s haven and a stronghold of sustainable tourism.

 

Declared a national park in 1949, it sits within the greater Velebit mountain range, which has been protected as a nature park since 1981. Its balance between habitats, extraordinary biodiversity and sustainable use have earned it a place in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve network, as well as recognition under Natura 2000 since 2013. Meanwhile, the park’s primeval beech forests, shared with Northern Velebit National Park, were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017: testament to an ancient landscape that offers a rare and authentic connection to nature; and one that leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.

 

Nature’s Grand Design: The Canyons of Paklenica

 

The name Paklenica likely stems from paklina, the resin of the black pine, once used by locals for everything from wound treatment and traditional medicine to lighting and waterproofing wooden boats. It now lends its name to the park’s two dramatic gorges: Velika (Large) Paklenica and Mala (Small) Paklenica, whose sheer cliffs and rugged terrain have shaped both the landscape and the lives of those who have long inhabited it. Millennia of weathering by wind and water have sculpted these gorges into dramatic limestone ramparts and rugged karst formations. Velika Paklenica, which runs for some 14 kilometres, is the main artery of the park, distinguished by imposing walls that soar more than 700 metres. Mala Paklenica, somewhat more reclusive, rewards the dedicated hiker with an untamed and deeply personal encounter with nature.

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beneath these colossal canyons, a hidden subterranean world takes shape. A network of caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers showcases the region’s extraordinary karst geology. Chief among them is Manita Peć, a renowned cave that plunges 175 metres into the bedrock, revealing striking stalactites and stalagmites that hint at the park’s many hidden wonders.

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Biodiversity Haven

 

Forests are another marvel of Paklenica. Beyond its rocky grandeur, the park harbours one of the largest and best-preserved forest ecosystems in the Dalmatian region. The park is also home to rare and endemic plant species, some of which have survived since the last Ice Age, making this region a living testament to nature’s resilience. The park boasts over 1,000 plant species and subspecies, with 79 endemics, highlighting its global ecological significance. Towering beech and black pine forests dominate the landscape, providing a vital sanctuary for an array of wildlife.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

These ancient forests are so valuable that UNESCO has recognised the park’s beech woodlands as part of the “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe.”

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

The fauna of Paklenica National Park is as remarkable as its dramatic landscapes, featuring a remarkable diversity of 59 recorded mammal species. Among the most frequently encountered are roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), which gracefully navigate the park’s dense forests and open meadows. The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a nimble mountain dweller, is often seen scaling the steep, rocky slopes, perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), with their keen sense of smell and foraging habits, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park’s woodlands.

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

At the apex of the park’s food chain are its elusive predators. The wolf (Canis lupus), a symbol of the region’s wild and untamed nature, roams the remote stretches of Paklenica, hunting in small packs and maintaining the health of prey populations by targeting the weak and diseased. The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a rare and solitary feline, silently moves through the forest, relying on its acute vision and stealth to hunt roe deer and smaller mammals. Even more elusive is the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a species that once faced drastic population declines but continues to survive in the park’s most undisturbed regions. Their presence, although rare, serves as a testament to the success of long-term conservation efforts aimed at preserving Paklenica’s delicate ecosystem.

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beyond its terrestrial inhabitants, the park is a paradise for ornithologists and birdwatchers. With over 260 recorded bird species, including 102 nesting varieties, Paklenica ranks among Croatia’s most significant avian habitats. The park’s sheer limestone cliffs provide ideal nesting sites for raptors, which can often be seen gliding effortlessly over the canyons. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), the undisputed rulers of the sky, patrol the park’s vast expanse, searching for prey with their razor-sharp eyesight. Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), the fastest birds on Earth, dive at breathtaking speeds to capture unsuspecting prey mid-flight. Meanwhile, griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), a rare sight in these parts, occasionally overfly southern Velebit during their autumn migration, riding the rising thermals above the rugged cliffs as they scan the landscape below for carrion.

 

Additionally, the park’s diverse ecosystems provide refuge for an array of smaller but equally fascinating bird species. Woodpeckers, including the rare white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), thrive in Paklenica’s ancient forests, contributing to the health of the woodland by foraging on tree-boring insects. Nocturnal birds such as the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) add to the park’s rich biodiversity, their haunting calls echoing through the canyons at dusk.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Paklenica’s extensive cave systems and subterranean rivers also support a variety of lesser-known but ecologically significant fauna. Endemic cave-dwelling invertebrates, amphibians, and bats find sanctuary in these underground habitats, further enriching the park’s complex web of life. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designation ensures that this extraordinary biodiversity remains protected for generations to come.

 

The Climbing Capital of Croatia

 

It’s no exaggeration to call Paklenica one of Europe’s top rock-climbing destinations. With over 600 established routes—ranging from gentler introductions to fiercely demanding big-wall ascents—its soaring limestone cliffs draw enthusiasts from every corner of the globe. Velika Paklenica, in particular, has become synonymous with world-class climbing, hosting the yearly International  Climbers Meeting, reinforcing its reputation as a world-class climbing hub.

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Mindful stewardship underpins every ascent here. Park authorities carefully maintain fixed routes to limit wear on the limestone and have introduced visitor guidelines to protect nesting birds and other sensitive wildlife. This thoughtful approach means that Paklenica’s dramatic terrain remains unspoiled for future generations, while climbers continue to enjoy unforgettable vertical adventures. Beyond conservation, Paklenica offers a truly unique climbing atmosphere: one where climbers appreciate the striking setting as much as the physical challenge. It’s not every day that a route ends with a view of the Adriatic Sea glinting on the horizon.

 

Exploring Paklenica: Activities Beyond the Climb

 

While climbing might be the marquee draw, the park has plenty to offer nature lovers and adventure-seekers looking to engage with its natural beauty responsibly:

 

  • Hiking and Trekking: The park boasts around 150–200 kilometres of marked trails. Some are gentle paths for a relaxing stroll; others test the stamina of those aiming for the highest peaks on Velebit, such as Vaganski vrh (1,757 metres) and Sveto brdo (1,753 metres).

  • Caving: The park is home to numerous caves, with "Manita peć" being the only one open to the public. Located at 570 meters above sea level, this cave has been welcoming visitors since 1937 with its impressive chambers and stalactite formations.

  • Wildlife Observation: The park’s immense biodiversity makes it a haven for anyone eager to spot rare birds or photograph wildlife in its natural habitat.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Journey Through Culture and History

 

Beyond its natural beauty, Paklenica holds a significant cultural legacy. The park’s traditional stone houses, abandoned shepherd settlements, and centuries-old water mills reflect the resilience and resourcefulness of past generations who lived within the Velebit mountains.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A particularly unique feature of the park is its network of underground tunnels, known as “Bunkers,” constructed during the Cold War as a military shelter. Today, these tunnels have been transformed into an educational centre, offering visitors an interactive experience that delves into the park’s geology, and biodiversity, as well as the ongoing efforts to preserve them.

 

The park also holds “mirila”—ancient stone memorials once used to honour the departed. For centuries, local inhabitants created these markers as a way to connect their loved ones to the land. Their presence today is a visible reminder of the strong bond between people and nature in this region.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Commitment to Sustainable Tourism

 

Paklenica’s UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status is more than just a label. It punctuates the park’s dedication to conserving natural habitats while inviting visitors to learn and explore. Well-managed tourism keeps trails in good shape, while reforestation programmes, waste management strategies, and responsible visitor guidelines ensure that tourism remains low-impact and environmentally sustainable.

 

Visitors are encouraged to do their part by:

 

  • Staying on designated trails to prevent soil erosion and habitat disturbance

  • Supporting eco-conscious accommodations and local businesses

  • Cutting down on plastic use by bringing refillable bottles and sustainable travel products

  • Using public transport or bicycles wherever possible to reduce carbon emissions

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Local guesthouses and lodges often rely on renewable energy, water-saving strategies, and regionally sourced food. This approach helps keep tourism’s ecological footprint small, while also boosting community-led initiatives.

 

Why Paklenica Matters

 

All too often, we hear about breathtaking destinations degraded by unchecked tourism. Paklenica provides a refreshing contrast. It is a living, breathing ecosystem that not only tolerates visitors, but uses tourism as a means to fund conservation, spread awareness, and bolster local economies in a sustainable manner. Local people benefit, and so does nature. As part of the Velebit Mountain Biosphere Reserve, it advocates for eco-friendly agriculture, forestry, and responsible visitor activities—all designed to protect fragile habitats and help nearby communities thrive.

 

When you come to Paklenica, you’re not just crossing a name off your travel list. You’re taking part in an ongoing project: preserving ancient forests, safeguarding habitats for rare predators, and celebrating cultural traditions that run generations deep. Whether you’re perched atop a limestone cliff watching the sun rise over the Adriatic or quietly hiking through a stand of centuries-old beech trees, you’re bound to feel a reverence for nature’s resilience—and a renewed determination to protect it.

 

A Destination for All Seasons

 

Many corners of Croatia’s coastline see visitors drift away as temperatures drop. Paklenica National Park, on the other hand, thrives all year, revealing fresh charms with every change in weather.

 

Spring is a prime time for hiking and climbing, with mild temperatures, blooming wildflowers, and streams at their fullest. Wildlife activity peaks, making this a prime season for photography and birdwatching.

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Summer allows visitors to combine mountain adventures with coastal relaxation. While the forests provide cooler relief from the heat, the nearby Adriatic Sea offers the perfect way to cool off after a morning of hiking or climbing.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Autumn brings a transformation of colour. Leaves shift to gold and crimson, painting the forest in warm tones, while fewer crowds create a sense of stillness in the canyons. Wildlife sightings often increase as animals busily prepare for the coming winter, and the cooler air lends itself to longer, more leisurely hikes.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Winter brings tranquillity, with snow-dusted peaks creating a peaceful retreat. Lower trails remain accessible for quiet hikes, while skilled mountaineers can tackle the more demanding routes. It’s a season of calm, where Paklenica’s rugged beauty takes on an almost otherworldly quality.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

From blossoming springtime trails to the crisp calm of winter summits, every visit offers a new perspective on this Croatian gem. Paklenica’s year-round allure ensures that no two trips ever feel the same—and it’s this sense of discovery remains that at the heart of its enduring appeal.

 

A Model for the Future of Adventure Tourism

 

As global travel trends shift toward more mindful explorations, Paklenica National Park continues to stand as a model for how to integrate adventure with responsible stewardship. Conservation efforts here stretch beyond simply protecting delicate habitats: they invite visitors to become active custodians of the region’s biodiversity. Through carefully designed education programmes, travellers learn about the ecological hurdles facing this corner of Croatia—and discover practical ways to secure its future.

 

From gazing at spectacular limestone cliffs to encountering centuries-old cultural traditions, visitors to Paklenica are not simply ticking off a destination on a travel list: they are actively participating in the ongoing effort to sustain and nurture one of Europe’s most striking natural treasures. Because in Paklenica, you’re not just a visitor—you’re part of something bigger: a movement to preserve a living, breathing ecosystem for generations to come.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

To plan your visit and discover more about Paklenica’s breathtaking landscapes, adventure trails, and conservation initiatives, please visit:

 

https://np-paklenica.hr

 

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IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Terms and Conditions   |   About Sustain Europe   |   Privacy Policy   |   GDPR   |   Advertising   |   Contact

Most people planning a Croatian escape immediately picture the sun-warmed islands off the Dalmatian coast or the shimmering waters of the Adriatic Sea. Fair enough, as that seaside appeal is undeniable. But if you venture inland, an entirely different Croatia emerges. Here lies Paklenica National Park, a land of extremes, where sheer rock faces rise from deep canyons, underground rivers carve hidden worlds, and rare wildlife roams freely. This is more than just a place of natural beauty: it is an adventurer’s haven and a stronghold of sustainable tourism.

 

Declared a national park in 1949, it sits within the greater Velebit mountain range, which has been protected as a nature park since 1981. Its balance between habitats, extraordinary biodiversity and sustainable use have earned it a place in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve network, as well as recognition under Natura 2000 since 2013. Meanwhile, the park’s primeval beech forests, shared with Northern Velebit National Park, were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017: testament to an ancient landscape that offers a rare and authentic connection to nature; and one that leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.

 

Nature’s Grand Design: The Canyons of Paklenica

 

The name Paklenica likely stems from paklina, the resin of the black pine, once used by locals for everything from wound treatment and traditional medicine to lighting and waterproofing wooden boats. It now lends its name to the park’s two dramatic gorges: Velika (Large) Paklenica and Mala (Small) Paklenica, whose sheer cliffs and rugged terrain have shaped both the landscape and the lives of those who have long inhabited it. Millennia of weathering by wind and water have sculpted these gorges into dramatic limestone ramparts and rugged karst formations. Velika Paklenica, which runs for some 14 kilometres, is the main artery of the park, distinguished by imposing walls that soar more than 700 metres. Mala Paklenica, somewhat more reclusive, rewards the dedicated hiker with an untamed and deeply personal encounter with nature.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beneath these colossal canyons, a hidden subterranean world takes shape. A network of caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers showcases the region’s extraordinary karst geology. Chief among them is Manita Peć, a renowned cave that plunges 175 metres into the bedrock, revealing striking stalactites and stalagmites that hint at the park’s many hidden wonders.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Biodiversity Haven

 

Forests are another marvel of Paklenica. Beyond its rocky grandeur, the park harbours one of the largest and best-preserved forest ecosystems in the Dalmatian region. The park is also home to rare and endemic plant species, some of which have survived since the last Ice Age, making this region a living testament to nature’s resilience. The park boasts over 1,000 plant species and subspecies, with 79 endemics, highlighting its global ecological significance. Towering beech and black pine forests dominate the landscape, providing a vital sanctuary for an array of wildlife.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

These ancient forests are so valuable that UNESCO has recognised the park’s beech woodlands as part of the “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

The fauna of Paklenica National Park is as remarkable as its dramatic landscapes, featuring a remarkable diversity of 59 recorded mammal species. Among the most frequently encountered are roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), which gracefully navigate the park’s dense forests and open meadows. The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a nimble mountain dweller, is often seen scaling the steep, rocky slopes, perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), with their keen sense of smell and foraging habits, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park’s woodlands.

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

At the apex of the park’s food chain are its elusive predators. The wolf (Canis lupus), a symbol of the region’s wild and untamed nature, roams the remote stretches of Paklenica, hunting in small packs and maintaining the health of prey populations by targeting the weak and diseased. The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a rare and solitary feline, silently moves through the forest, relying on its acute vision and stealth to hunt roe deer and smaller mammals. Even more elusive is the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a species that once faced drastic population declines but continues to survive in the park’s most undisturbed regions. Their presence, although rare, serves as a testament to the success of long-term conservation efforts aimed at preserving Paklenica’s delicate ecosystem.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beyond its terrestrial inhabitants, the park is a paradise for ornithologists and birdwatchers. With over 260 recorded bird species, including 102 nesting varieties, Paklenica ranks among Croatia’s most significant avian habitats. The park’s sheer limestone cliffs provide ideal nesting sites for raptors, which can often be seen gliding effortlessly over the canyons. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), the undisputed rulers of the sky, patrol the park’s vast expanse, searching for prey with their razor-sharp eyesight. Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), the fastest birds on Earth, dive at breathtaking speeds to capture unsuspecting prey mid-flight. Meanwhile, griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), a rare sight in these parts, occasionally overfly southern Velebit during their autumn migration, riding the rising thermals above the rugged cliffs as they scan the landscape below for carrion.

 

Additionally, the park’s diverse ecosystems provide refuge for an array of smaller but equally fascinating bird species. Woodpeckers, including the rare white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), thrive in Paklenica’s ancient forests, contributing to the health of the woodland by foraging on tree-boring insects. Nocturnal birds such as the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) add to the park’s rich biodiversity, their haunting calls echoing through the canyons at dusk.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Paklenica’s extensive cave systems and subterranean rivers also support a variety of lesser-known but ecologically significant fauna. Endemic cave-dwelling invertebrates, amphibians, and bats find sanctuary in these underground habitats, further enriching the park’s complex web of life. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designation ensures that this extraordinary biodiversity remains protected for generations to come.

 

The Climbing Capital of Croatia

 

It’s no exaggeration to call Paklenica one of Europe’s top rock-climbing destinations. With over 600 established routes—ranging from gentler introductions to fiercely demanding big-wall ascents—its soaring limestone cliffs draw enthusiasts from every corner of the globe. Velika Paklenica, in particular, has become synonymous with world-class climbing, hosting the yearly International  Climbers Meeting, reinforcing its reputation as a world-class climbing hub.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Mindful stewardship underpins every ascent here. Park authorities carefully maintain fixed routes to limit wear on the limestone and have introduced visitor guidelines to protect nesting birds and other sensitive wildlife. This thoughtful approach means that Paklenica’s dramatic terrain remains unspoiled for future generations, while climbers continue to enjoy unforgettable vertical adventures. Beyond conservation, Paklenica offers a truly unique climbing atmosphere: one where climbers appreciate the striking setting as much as the physical challenge. It’s not every day that a route ends with a view of the Adriatic Sea glinting on the horizon.

 

Exploring Paklenica: Activities Beyond the Climb

 

While climbing might be the marquee draw, the park has plenty to offer nature lovers and adventure-seekers looking to engage with its natural beauty responsibly:

 

  • Hiking and Trekking: The park boasts around 150–200 kilometres of marked trails. Some are gentle paths for a relaxing stroll; others test the stamina of those aiming for the highest peaks on Velebit, such as Vaganski vrh (1,757 metres) and Sveto brdo (1,753 metres).

  • Caving: The park is home to numerous caves, with "Manita peć" being the only one open to the public. Located at 570 meters above sea level, this cave has been welcoming visitors since 1937 with its impressive chambers and stalactite formations.

  • Wildlife Observation: The park’s immense biodiversity makes it a haven for anyone eager to spot rare birds or photograph wildlife in its natural habitat.

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Journey Through Culture and History

 

Beyond its natural beauty, Paklenica holds a significant cultural legacy. The park’s traditional stone houses, abandoned shepherd settlements, and centuries-old water mills reflect the resilience and resourcefulness of past generations who lived within the Velebit mountains.

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A particularly unique feature of the park is its network of underground tunnels, known as “Bunkers,” constructed during the Cold War as a military shelter. Today, these tunnels have been transformed into an educational centre, offering visitors an interactive experience that delves into the park’s geology, and biodiversity, as well as the ongoing efforts to preserve them.

 

The park also holds “mirila”—ancient stone memorials once used to honour the departed. For centuries, local inhabitants created these markers as a way to connect their loved ones to the land. Their presence today is a visible reminder of the strong bond between people and nature in this region.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Commitment to Sustainable Tourism

 

Paklenica’s UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status is more than just a label. It punctuates the park’s dedication to conserving natural habitats while inviting visitors to learn and explore. Well-managed tourism keeps trails in good shape, while reforestation programmes, waste management strategies, and responsible visitor guidelines ensure that tourism remains low-impact and environmentally sustainable.

 

Visitors are encouraged to do their part by:

 

  • Staying on designated trails to prevent soil erosion and habitat disturbance

  • Supporting eco-conscious accommodations and local businesses

  • Cutting down on plastic use by bringing refillable bottles and sustainable travel products

  • Using public transport or bicycles wherever possible to reduce carbon emissions

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Local guesthouses and lodges often rely on renewable energy, water-saving strategies, and regionally sourced food. This approach helps keep tourism’s ecological footprint small, while also boosting community-led initiatives.

 

Why Paklenica Matters

 

All too often, we hear about breathtaking destinations degraded by unchecked tourism. Paklenica provides a refreshing contrast. It is a living, breathing ecosystem that not only tolerates visitors, but uses tourism as a means to fund conservation, spread awareness, and bolster local economies in a sustainable manner. Local people benefit, and so does nature. As part of the Velebit Mountain Biosphere Reserve, it advocates for eco-friendly agriculture, forestry, and responsible visitor activities—all designed to protect fragile habitats and help nearby communities thrive.

 

When you come to Paklenica, you’re not just crossing a name off your travel list. You’re taking part in an ongoing project: preserving ancient forests, safeguarding habitats for rare predators, and celebrating cultural traditions that run generations deep. Whether you’re perched atop a limestone cliff watching the sun rise over the Adriatic or quietly hiking through a stand of centuries-old beech trees, you’re bound to feel a reverence for nature’s resilience—and a renewed determination to protect it.

 

A Destination for All Seasons

 

Many corners of Croatia’s coastline see visitors drift away as temperatures drop. Paklenica National Park, on the other hand, thrives all year, revealing fresh charms with every change in weather.

 

Spring is a prime time for hiking and climbing, with mild temperatures, blooming wildflowers, and streams at their fullest. Wildlife activity peaks, making this a prime season for photography and birdwatching.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Summer allows visitors to combine mountain adventures with coastal relaxation. While the forests provide cooler relief from the heat, the nearby Adriatic Sea offers the perfect way to cool off after a morning of hiking or climbing.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Autumn brings a transformation of colour. Leaves shift to gold and crimson, painting the forest in warm tones, while fewer crowds create a sense of stillness in the canyons. Wildlife sightings often increase as animals busily prepare for the coming winter, and the cooler air lends itself to longer, more leisurely hikes.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Winter brings tranquillity, with snow-dusted peaks creating a peaceful retreat. Lower trails remain accessible for quiet hikes, while skilled mountaineers can tackle the more demanding routes. It’s a season of calm, where Paklenica’s rugged beauty takes on an almost otherworldly quality.

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

From blossoming springtime trails to the crisp calm of winter summits, every visit offers a new perspective on this Croatian gem. Paklenica’s year-round allure ensures that no two trips ever feel the same—and it’s this sense of discovery remains that at the heart of its enduring appeal.

 

A Model for the Future of Adventure Tourism

 

As global travel trends shift toward more mindful explorations, Paklenica National Park continues to stand as a model for how to integrate adventure with responsible stewardship. Conservation efforts here stretch beyond simply protecting delicate habitats: they invite visitors to become active custodians of the region’s biodiversity. Through carefully designed education programmes, travellers learn about the ecological hurdles facing this corner of Croatia—and discover practical ways to secure its future.

 

From gazing at spectacular limestone cliffs to encountering centuries-old cultural traditions, visitors to Paklenica are not simply ticking off a destination on a travel list: they are actively participating in the ongoing effort to sustain and nurture one of Europe’s most striking natural treasures. Because in Paklenica, you’re not just a visitor—you’re part of something bigger: a movement to preserve a living, breathing ecosystem for generations to come.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

To plan your visit and discover more about Paklenica’s breathtaking landscapes, adventure trails, and conservation initiatives, please visit:

 

https://np-paklenica.hr

 

 

Terms and Conditions   |   About Sustain Europe   |   Privacy Policy 
  GDPR   |   Advertising   |   Contact Sustain Europe

© Sustain Europe 2024. All rights reserved. Powered by 100% Green Energy.

Most people planning a Croatian escape immediately picture the sun-warmed islands off the Dalmatian coast or the shimmering waters of the Adriatic Sea. Fair enough, as that seaside appeal is undeniable. But if you venture inland, an entirely different Croatia emerges. Here lies Paklenica National Park, a land of extremes, where sheer rock faces rise from deep canyons, underground rivers carve hidden worlds, and rare wildlife roams freely. This is more than just a place of natural beauty: it is an adventurer’s haven and a stronghold of sustainable tourism.

 

Declared a national park in 1949, it sits within the greater Velebit mountain range, which has been protected as a nature park since 1981. Its balance between habitats, extraordinary biodiversity and sustainable use have earned it a place in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve network, as well as recognition under Natura 2000 since 2013. Meanwhile, the park’s primeval beech forests, shared with Northern Velebit National Park, were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017: testament to an ancient landscape that offers a rare and authentic connection to nature; and one that leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.

 

Nature’s Grand Design: The Canyons of Paklenica

 

The name Paklenica likely stems from paklina, the resin of the black pine, once used by locals for everything from wound treatment and traditional medicine to lighting and waterproofing wooden boats. It now lends its name to the park’s two dramatic gorges: Velika (Large) Paklenica and Mala (Small) Paklenica, whose sheer cliffs and rugged terrain have shaped both the landscape and the lives of those who have long inhabited it. Millennia of weathering by wind and water have sculpted these gorges into dramatic limestone ramparts and rugged karst formations. Velika Paklenica, which runs for some 14 kilometres, is the main artery of the park, distinguished by imposing walls that soar more than 700 metres. Mala Paklenica, somewhat more reclusive, rewards the dedicated hiker with an untamed and deeply personal encounter with nature.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beneath these colossal canyons, a hidden subterranean world takes shape. A network of caves, sinkholes, and underground rivers showcases the region’s extraordinary karst geology. Chief among them is Manita Peć, a renowned cave that plunges 175 metres into the bedrock, revealing striking stalactites and stalagmites that hint at the park’s many hidden wonders.

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Biodiversity Haven

 

Forests are another marvel of Paklenica. Beyond its rocky grandeur, the park harbours one of the largest and best-preserved forest ecosystems in the Dalmatian region. The park is also home to rare and endemic plant species, some of which have survived since the last Ice Age, making this region a living testament to nature’s resilience. The park boasts over 1,000 plant species and subspecies, with 79 endemics, highlighting its global ecological significance. Towering beech and black pine forests dominate the landscape, providing a vital sanctuary for an array of wildlife.

 

The fauna of Paklenica National Park is as remarkable as its dramatic landscapes, featuring a remarkable diversity of 59 recorded mammal species. Among the most frequently encountered are roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), which gracefully navigate the park’s dense forests and open meadows. The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a nimble mountain dweller, is often seen scaling the steep, rocky slopes, perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), with their keen sense of smell and foraging habits, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park’s woodlands.

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

These ancient forests are so valuable that UNESCO has recognised the park’s beech woodlands as part of the “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

The fauna of Paklenica National Park is as remarkable as its dramatic landscapes, featuring a remarkable diversity of 59 recorded mammal species. Among the most frequently encountered are roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), which gracefully navigate the park’s dense forests and open meadows. The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), a nimble mountain dweller, is often seen scaling the steep, rocky slopes, perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain. Wild boars (Sus scrofa), with their keen sense of smell and foraging habits, play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the park’s woodlands.

 

At the apex of the park’s food chain are its elusive predators. The wolf (Canis lupus), a symbol of the region’s wild and untamed nature, roams the remote stretches of Paklenica, hunting in small packs and maintaining the health of prey populations by targeting the weak and diseased. The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a rare and solitary feline, silently moves through the forest, relying on its acute vision and stealth to hunt roe deer and smaller mammals. Even more elusive is the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a species that once faced drastic population declines but continues to survive in the park’s most undisturbed regions. Their presence, although rare, serves as a testament to the success of long-term conservation efforts aimed at preserving Paklenica’s delicate ecosystem.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Beyond its terrestrial inhabitants, the park is a paradise for ornithologists and birdwatchers. With over 260 recorded bird species, including 102 nesting varieties, Paklenica ranks among Croatia’s most significant avian habitats. The park’s sheer limestone cliffs provide ideal nesting sites for raptors, which can often be seen gliding effortlessly over the canyons. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), the undisputed rulers of the sky, patrol the park’s vast expanse, searching for prey with their razor-sharp eyesight. Peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), the fastest birds on Earth, dive at breathtaking speeds to capture unsuspecting prey mid-flight. Meanwhile, griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus), a rare sight in these parts, occasionally overfly southern Velebit during their autumn migration, riding the rising thermals above the rugged cliffs as they scan the landscape below for carrion.

 

Additionally, the park’s diverse ecosystems provide refuge for an array of smaller but equally fascinating bird species. Woodpeckers, including the rare white-backed woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos), thrive in Paklenica’s ancient forests, contributing to the health of the woodland by foraging on tree-boring insects. Nocturnal birds such as the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) add to the park’s rich biodiversity, their haunting calls echoing through the canyons at dusk.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Paklenica’s extensive cave systems and subterranean rivers also support a variety of lesser-known but ecologically significant fauna. Endemic cave-dwelling invertebrates, amphibians, and bats find sanctuary in these underground habitats, further enriching the park’s complex web of life. The UNESCO Biosphere Reserve designation ensures that this extraordinary biodiversity remains protected for generations to come.

 

The Climbing Capital of Croatia

 

It’s no exaggeration to call Paklenica one of Europe’s top rock-climbing destinations. With over 600 established routes—ranging from gentler introductions to fiercely demanding big-wall ascents—its soaring limestone cliffs draw enthusiasts from every corner of the globe. Velika Paklenica, in particular, has become synonymous with world-class climbing, hosting the yearly International  Climbers Meeting, reinforcing its reputation as a world-class climbing hub.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Mindful stewardship underpins every ascent here. Park authorities carefully maintain fixed routes to limit wear on the limestone and have introduced visitor guidelines to protect nesting birds and other sensitive wildlife. This thoughtful approach means that Paklenica’s dramatic terrain remains unspoiled for future generations, while climbers continue to enjoy unforgettable vertical adventures. Beyond conservation, Paklenica offers a truly unique climbing atmosphere: one where climbers appreciate the striking setting as much as the physical challenge. It’s not every day that a route ends with a view of the Adriatic Sea glinting on the horizon.

 

Exploring Paklenica: Activities Beyond the Climb

 

While climbing might be the marquee draw, the park has plenty to offer nature lovers and adventure-seekers looking to engage with its natural beauty responsibly:

 

  • Hiking and Trekking: The park boasts around 150–200 kilometres of marked trails. Some are gentle paths for a relaxing stroll; others test the stamina of those aiming for the highest peaks on Velebit, such as Vaganski vrh (1,757 metres) and Sveto brdo (1,753 metres).

  • Caving: The park is home to numerous caves, with "Manita peć" being the only one open to the public. Located at 570 meters above sea level, this cave has been welcoming visitors since 1937 with its impressive chambers and stalactite formations.

  • Wildlife Observation: The park’s immense biodiversity makes it a haven for anyone eager to spot rare birds or photograph wildlife in its natural habitat.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Journey Through Culture and History

 

Beyond its natural beauty, Paklenica holds a significant cultural legacy. The park’s traditional stone houses, abandoned shepherd settlements, and centuries-old water mills reflect the resilience and resourcefulness of past generations who lived within the Velebit mountains.

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A particularly unique feature of the park is its network of underground tunnels, known as “Bunkers,” constructed during the Cold War as a military shelter. Today, these tunnels have been transformed into an educational centre, offering visitors an interactive experience that delves into the park’s geology, and biodiversity, as well as the ongoing efforts to preserve them.

 

The park also holds “mirila”—ancient stone memorials once used to honour the departed. For centuries, local inhabitants created these markers as a way to connect their loved ones to the land. Their presence today is a visible reminder of the strong bond between people and nature in this region.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

A Commitment to Sustainable Tourism

 

Paklenica’s UNESCO Biosphere Reserve status is more than just a label. It punctuates the park’s dedication to conserving natural habitats while inviting visitors to learn and explore. Well-managed tourism keeps trails in good shape, while reforestation programmes, waste management strategies, and responsible visitor guidelines ensure that tourism remains low-impact and environmentally sustainable.

 

Visitors are encouraged to do their part by:

 

  • Staying on designated trails to prevent soil erosion and habitat disturbance

  • Supporting eco-conscious accommodations and local businesses

  • Cutting down on plastic use by bringing refillable bottles and sustainable travel products

  • Using public transport or bicycles wherever possible to reduce carbon emissions

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Local guesthouses and lodges often rely on renewable energy, water-saving strategies, and regionally sourced food. This approach helps keep tourism’s ecological footprint small, while also boosting community-led initiatives.

 

Why Paklenica Matters

 

All too often, we hear about breathtaking destinations degraded by unchecked tourism. Paklenica provides a refreshing contrast. It is a living, breathing ecosystem that not only tolerates visitors, but uses tourism as a means to fund conservation, spread awareness, and bolster local economies in a sustainable manner. Local people benefit, and so does nature. As part of the Velebit Mountain Biosphere Reserve, it advocates for eco-friendly agriculture, forestry, and responsible visitor activities—all designed to protect fragile habitats and help nearby communities thrive.

 

When you come to Paklenica, you’re not just crossing a name off your travel list. You’re taking part in an ongoing project: preserving ancient forests, safeguarding habitats for rare predators, and celebrating cultural traditions that run generations deep. Whether you’re perched atop a limestone cliff watching the sun rise over the Adriatic or quietly hiking through a stand of centuries-old beech trees, you’re bound to feel a reverence for nature’s resilience—and a renewed determination to protect it.

 

A Destination for All Seasons

 

Many corners of Croatia’s coastline see visitors drift away as temperatures drop. Paklenica National Park, on the other hand, thrives all year, revealing fresh charms with every change in weather.

 

Spring is a prime time for hiking and climbing, with mild temperatures, blooming wildflowers, and streams at their fullest. Wildlife activity peaks, making this a prime season for photography and birdwatching.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Summer allows visitors to combine mountain adventures with coastal relaxation. While the forests provide cooler relief from the heat, the nearby Adriatic Sea offers the perfect way to cool off after a morning of hiking or climbing.

 

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Autumn brings a transformation of colour. Leaves shift to gold and crimson, painting the forest in warm tones, while fewer crowds create a sense of stillness in the canyons. Wildlife sightings often increase as animals busily prepare for the coming winter, and the cooler air lends itself to longer, more leisurely hikes.

 

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

Winter brings tranquillity, with snow-dusted peaks creating a peaceful retreat. Lower trails remain accessible for quiet hikes, while skilled mountaineers can tackle the more demanding routes. It’s a season of calm, where Paklenica’s rugged beauty takes on an almost otherworldly quality.

 

IMAGE: Paklenica National Park

From blossoming springtime trails to the crisp calm of winter summits, every visit offers a new perspective on this Croatian gem. Paklenica’s year-round allure ensures that no two trips ever feel the same—and it’s this sense of discovery remains that at the heart of its enduring appeal.

 

A Model for the Future of Adventure Tourism

 

As global travel trends shift toward more mindful explorations, Paklenica National Park continues to stand as a model for how to integrate adventure with responsible stewardship. Conservation efforts here stretch beyond simply protecting delicate habitats: they invite visitors to become active custodians of the region’s biodiversity. Through carefully designed education programmes, travellers learn about the ecological hurdles facing this corner of Croatia—and discover practical ways to secure its future.

 

From gazing at spectacular limestone cliffs to encountering centuries-old cultural traditions, visitors to Paklenica are not simply ticking off a destination on a travel list: they are actively participating in the ongoing effort to sustain and nurture one of Europe’s most striking natural treasures. Because in Paklenica, you’re not just a visitor—you’re part of something bigger: a movement to preserve a living, breathing ecosystem for generations to come.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

To plan your visit and discover more about Paklenica’s breathtaking landscapes, adventure trails, and conservation initiatives, please visit:

 

https://np-paklenica.hr